Detailed characteristics of the human papilloma virus

At the beginning of the last century, the human papilloma virus was mentioned as the reason for the appearance of warts.Later, however, this could cause the development of genital cancer in gender and throat and rectum carcinomas.Depending on the range of clinical manifestations, doctors managed to distinguish various types of HPV and combine them in a particular system.

Everything you need to know about the human papilloma virus

A growing number of people are wondering: HPV infection - what is it?This abbreviation denotes a group of common and heterogeneous viruses in structure, capable of affecting the skin and mucous membranes.Infection of this substance occurs from a long period.Thus, the warts are known from the Greeks and Romans and on the Aogenital Condilomas even earlier.PCR was able to distinguish DNA from type 18 HPV from Maria Aragão's type of mummy (16th century).And only in the early 21st century did the opportunity to influence the spread of a pathogenic agent.

Classification Principles

There are several opinions about the number of HPV types.It was officially established that the group includes more than 170 strains.They make up 5 genres and about 130 agents are described in detail and studied.But scientists already know almost 600 types found in humans.

For the first time, HPV, as a unique species has been recorded in 1971. So far, knowledge about it has been widely enriched, which served as the impetus for the creation of a classification, reflecting not only species but also the genre to which tension belongs.In practice, this is of great importance as it helps determine clinical manifestations and the form of the course of infection.

Virus types are identified according to the following criteria:

• transmission method;
• targets (skin or mucous membranes);
• diseases that develop due to infection;
• Degree of Oncogenicity.

Classification by the degree of carcinogenicity is necessary to avoid consequences associated with cancer development.

HPV Types:

• Low risk tensions 6, 12, 14, 42-44;
• Average Risk - Types 31, 35, 51;
• High risk - 16, 18, 45, 56, 58, 59.

This classification allows you to clearly evaluate the degree of risk and develop a proper treatment strategy.

The most dangerous strains

It is proven that HPV is able to cause dermis growth and lead to benign formations on the face, neck, back, stomach, each of which looks like a wart, papilloma, vehicle dysplasia.But the high -patogenic pathogen in the vast majority of cases causes the development of oncology in men and women.The virus is mainly sexually transmitted and barrier contraceptive are unable to provide 100% protection against its penetration.

The following strains are considered the most dangerous:

• Condylomatosis (the appearance of pointed growth) - 6, 42.
• Small flat formations formed on the walls of the vagina and cervical channel - 30, 33, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 67.
• The cervical carcinoma of the uterus is 31, 35, 39, 54, 66. The most dangerous are type 16 and 18 HPV.

It is important to know!Even after identifying the type of viruses, you should not panic because the most malicious strains for a long time may be in a "dormant" state.Therefore, from infection to the formation of cervical cancer, decades may go through decades.

The penetration of the virus in the body

Papillomavirus is considered extremely contagious and each type can be transmitted by a particular method.

The main options for penetrating the pathogen in the "victim" body are as follows:

1. In sexual contact with the virus carrier.The most common way of infection.The danger is a traditional version and another of the relationships.Since pathogen size is much smaller than condom pore diameter, the contraceptive cannot provide 100% protection.
2. A vertical type of infection involves transferring the virus to the mother to the child in the labor process.A non -market agent is able to cause the appearance of papillomatosis of the newborn laryomatosis in a newborn, ie the formation of growth in mucous and mouth membranes and less often in the genital organs.
3. The Contact-Household infection transmission method is also considered common.Some strains differ in survival so that they can maintain their activity in a humid environment.When visiting saunas, swimming pools, baths, with articular use of personal hygiene items, the risk of infection is growing, especially if there are discrete microwaves on the skin.
4. Self -enforcement or self -extension may occur with an accidental transfer from a living virus cell from a damaged area to healthy parts of the skin during shaving, hair removal, and simply non -compliance with hygienic rules.

It is important to know!The high -risk carcinogenic causative agent is mainly sexually transmitted, and barrier contraceptives do not guarantee complete protection against the infection.This is due not only to the small size of the virus, but also for its location on the dermis surface, not covered with a condom.

The reasons for the progression of papillomatosis

Regardless of the degree of oncogenicity, HPV is treacherous, that is, it is able to live in the human body, without showing itself at all.Depending on the status of the immune system, the incubation period may last from 2 to 3 weeks to several tens of years.Therefore, people who do not have external signs do not even suspect an infectious agent in their body.

Quick spread does not start immediately either, but only under favorable conditions, namely the weakening of the protection mechanism, which occurs in relation to the background of the following factors:

• stress, overwork;
• Scarce and monotonous nutrition;
• hormonal violations;
• Bad habits - smoking tobacco and alcohol abuse;
• frequent abortions, complications after delivery;
• Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genitourinary system;
• IPPP, including AIDS, HIV, Herpes;
• Chronic diseases at the exacerbation stage;
• The period of pregnancy.

The risk group is mainly of fairer sex.The likelihood of infection increases in people of reproductive age of 20 to 45 years, leading to active sex life.

Symptoms at different stages

Papillomavirus infection can be pronounced or leaking in a latent or subclinical form.Symptomatic manifestations of the disease are variable due to the type of HPV, its danger.The occult course of the disease is characterized by the absence of signs.

External signs:

• Papillomas;
• flat and vulgar warts;
• Clear condiles.

Forms that are not visible during external inspection:

• Dysatosis;
• Coilocytosis;
• Epithelium dysplasia.

CLAIMS at the bottom of papillomavirus appear in the form of such pathologies:

• Discoseatosis with light epithelial changes;
• In fact, dysplasia;
• Cancer tumor;
• Flat cell carcinoma.

It is important to know!In the case of damage to the virus to Nature Nona Infogery, the formation of warts is possible, located on the palms, the legs of the legs.In the absence of cosmetic discomfort, there are no removal indications.

In a woman, fever, chills, itching, increased temperature and vaginal discharge develops during exacerbation.

More about the consequences

The type and severity of HPV infection are determined by pathogen activity and its type.With high oncogenic high -risk genotype, prolonged replication helps increase the number of cellular structures with genome mutation.

In the context of bacterial vaginosis, the transformation of cervical epithelium, as well as several other pathological processes that occur in the body, the risk of a pre -employment stage or the development of a malignant tumor increases.

The latter includes the following states.

1. Cervical cancer.The second disease after breast cancer in women.More than 70% of all cases are caused by the activity of 16 and 18 HPV types.
2. Vagina and vulva carcinoma.In the structure of oncopathologies of the Anogenital Region, it occupies a prominent place.Each tenth case is caused by a low oncogenic strain of 6 or 11, and one third of all diseases is caused by virus 16 and 18.
3. Anal cancer.It is mainly detected in women, but also recorded in homosexual men who practice the unconventional method of relationships, although doctors do not exclude another way to transmit infection.The cause of oncopathology is the activity of HPV 18 and 16.

Obviously, this is not a sentence, but in connection with this data, the need for careful gynecological and cancer diagnosis is increasing.A comprehensive examination allows for the early stages to identify structural changes in cells and tissues, which with human papillomavirus helps determine how it treats it correctly.

Diagnosis Procedures

As already mentioned, diagnostic measures play an important role in damage to HPV infection.

The modern exam is performed with special care and includes various procedures:

1. Primary consultation includes visual inspection to identify external signs (warts, papillomas).If growths are found in the urogenital region, the doctor directs the patient to an additional uterus or urethroscopy examination.
2. Pope test or cytological examination with a smear according to the Pap smear.According to the results divided into classes, the doctor determines the risks of the infectious process.Therefore, the 1st and 2nd degree indicate the normal state of tissues, 3 - the beginning of pathological changes, the 4th and 5th degree characterizes the presence of oncogenic cells.
3. Kolposcopy.It is performed in the case of dysplastic changes in the cervical tissues.The test using acetic acid is prescribed to clarify papilloma virus activity.A positive result manifests itself in the form of a mosaic pattern on the surface of the epithelium.
4. Histology.The study of the affected tissue sample is performed if it is necessary to study cells and pathological changes that occur in them.During the procedure, you can identify epithelial structures of especially large sizes.
5. PCR.The most common and highly informative test.Using the polymerase chain reaction, it is possible to perform typification, determine the degree of oncogenicity, the maximum concentration in the blood.
6. Digenic test.The modern innovative method of research allows to clarify existing results and determine the likelihood of formation of cancer education.

Regarding men, the same diagnostic tactics are performed.After a visual inspection, he goes to tests.Only according to the exam results, the expert is able to evaluate the complexity of the clinical case and to prescribe proper treatment.

Approaches for treatment

Today there are no drugs that can completely destroy and forever viral infection in the body.If the self -science has not occurred, the most promising is the comprehensive combined approach.The treatment of HPCHs involves surgical removal of papillomas or warts against the background of systemic therapy with medicines, homeopathy means, the folkloric method.There are several options for the destruction of growth.

Surgical radio.With a special knife, the formation is excited, after which coagulation is produced and a dressing is applied.

Laser.A way without blood and painless.At the site of removal, it remains a crust under which the healing process proceeds.The disadvantage is the appearance of scars.

Electrocoagulation.The procedure is widely similar to the previous two in terms of effectiveness, cost and effective exposure.

Cryodestruction.Growth processing of any type of liquid nitrogen.After freezing, they are rejected by the skin.Price available, lack of blood, scars make this method the most attractive.

Surgical excision.It is performed extremely rarely, only according to the indications in case of suspicion of the likelihood of developing oncology.The growths are excited with the help of a scalpel.

Systemic treatment of papillomavirus allows us to strengthen immunity, reduce the concentration of agent DNA in the blood and prevent the development of malignant processes.

For this purpose, he names tablets:

• immunomodulators;
• antiviral agents;
• Cytostatic.

The duration of course treatment is 10 to 14 days.If there is a permanent sexual partner, it is necessary to convince it to undergo an examination and start therapy.You should not get rid of growth either.

Preventive measures

Since human papillomavirus is easily spread among people of all ages, there is no guaranteed way to protect it from penetration.According to patient revisions, vaccination is a reliable option to prevent infection.

Modern medicine as a prevention offers special serums.Medicines are produced in the form of a suspension, in disposable syringes, which facilitates the introduction of the vaccine and minimizes the risk of infection.Girls and boys from 9 to 14 years old, as well as young people under 26, are subject to immunization.The sera are well tolerated by the body.

Vaccination is performed for preventive purposes and cannot act as a drug.

To minimize the risk of infection, it is necessary to adhere to simple recommendations.

• Carefully monitor personal hygiene;
• Free -of bad habits;
• Strengthen immunity by practicing sports;
• Practice only safe sex, avoid random ties;
• Carefully address the choice of sexual partner;
• Pass an exhibition of a gynecologist, a venereologist.

A serious attitude towards your health will help prevent infection and, in the case of virus penetration - to reduce the likelihood of its propagation.

Conclusion

HPV is the most common option of infection from which no person can protect themselves.To avoid activation of the virus, it is necessary to observe prevention measures and reduce the risk of oncology to undergo planned exams on time and consult experts.